With so much information available, understanding cholesterol and its impact on heart health can be challenging. The American Heart Association (AHA) emphasizes that knowing personal risk, managing cholesterol through healthy habits, regular screening, and informed care are crucial for heart and brain health.
Cholesterol is a waxy substance essential for building cells and producing hormones. The body produces all the cholesterol it needs, but problems arise when low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol, accumulates in the blood, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or "good" cholesterol, helps reduce this risk. "Cholesterol itself isn't the enemy – our bodies need moderate levels to function," said Dr. Roger S. Blumenthal, chair of the 2026 Dyslipidemia Guideline writing group and AHA volunteer expert. "The goal is balance. Healthy lifestyle habits are a powerful step in keeping LDL cholesterol in a healthy range and protecting your heart and brain over the long term."
Blood cholesterol levels, measured via a lipid profile, are influenced by overall diet, lifestyle, genetics, and other health factors, not just dietary cholesterol. The AHA recommends a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds, unsaturated fats, and lean proteins, while limiting ultra-processed foods high in saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium.
Adults aged 19 and older should have their cholesterol checked at least every five years. A lipid profile provides HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels. Other risk factors such as age, family history, and smoking status should also be considered. Working with a healthcare professional to understand results and design a personalized treatment plan is essential.
Lifestyle modifications remain the cornerstone of cholesterol management. Eating a nutritious diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, adequate sleep, avoiding tobacco, and managing blood pressure and blood sugar all support heart health. For some, cholesterol-lowering medications may be necessary based on overall risk. If side effects occur, patients should consult their healthcare provider for alternative options.
High cholesterol can begin in childhood, especially in those with inherited conditions or other risk factors. The AHA recommends cholesterol screening for children aged 9-11 to assess risk and guide care, along with establishing healthy habits early. For more information, visit Heart.org/KnowYourCholesterol.
